How Much Can You Afford to Spend on Home?


For a general idea of your home buying power, multiply your annual gross income by 2-1/2. For example, if you have a household income of $50,000, you might be able to qualify for a $125,000 home. The actual number may be more or less, depending upon your individual situation, debts, and credit history.
Your gross annual income is the income you earn in a year before taxes and other deductions.

Under certain circumstances, it may also include rental income, self-employed income, and income from alimony, child support, public assistance payments, and retirement benefits.
Keep in mind that just because you qualify to buy a certain amount, it does not mean that you can afford or be comfortable with the monthly payments. You need to decide for yourself if you can live comfortably with the amount of your suggested monthly mortgage payment. Consider your particular circumstances and your future financial needs and goals.

Types of Homes and Ownership


Not all homeowners live in single family houses. There are many types of houses and many ways to own them. Before you shop for a home, think about what type of housing is best for your family.
Single Family: A home that is detached (stands alone) or attached to another house. When you buy a single-family house and the land it is on, you can make all the decisions about how you use the house and the land.

Duplex, Triplex, Fourplex: Homes with 2, 3, or 4 houses or units attached on a single lot. This housing is common in cities. If you buy this house, you own the land and all the houses on it. Many people buy these to share the property with parents, married children, or extended families. Others buy them to live in one unit and rent the others to help pay the mortgage.

Planned Unit Development (PUD)*: In a PUD, the homes are part of a subdivision that may have some common areas with parks or other features you share with your neighbors. You own your house and the land it is on, and you also pay a monthly or annual fee to an homeowners’ association to take care of the common areas. There are also usually conditions that set out extra rules about what you may do on your property, such as changing the paint color on the outside or building a patio, etc.
Condominium*: A home that is attached to other homes and shares common areas that everyone in the building or development owns together, such as grounds, hallways, and lobbies. Condos may look like apartments or townhouses. Each owner makes decisions and repairs on the inside of their own condo. A homeowners’ association, made up of the group of home owners, makes decisions and pays to maintain and repair the land and common areas.
Cooperative*: A type of group ownership of a property’s living units, which are often apartments, the land, and the common areas. Residents own shares of stock in the cooperative—a corporation that owns the building, land, and common areas. In some co-ops, all repairs or decisions are made by the group; in others, individual people or families make decisions and repair the apartments they live in. Similar to condos, co-ops have rules and restrictions, and association and maintenance fees.
*Please be aware that planned unit developments, condominiums, and co-ops have monthly or annual homeowners’ association fees that the homeowner is required to pay.

Other Expenses and Considerations


There are other things to consider when deciding whether to buy a home.

Monthly Housing Costs Can Increase

Monthly mortgage payments can be more than rent payments. However, interest from your mortgage and real estate taxes may be deducted from federal income taxes (and some state income taxes). You may owe less money on your taxes, or even get a refund. Contact a tax advisor to help you understand the tax implications for your individual circumstances for eligibility. Keep in mind, however, that to gain these tax advantages, you must file an annual income tax return with the U.S. government.
Maintenance and Replacement Costs Do Arise

Homeowners are responsible for things that landlords pay for when renting. These costs include repairing appliances, painting the house, and mowing the lawn. Older homes, while sometimes cheaper to buy, may have more maintenance and repair costs, such as roof, plumbing, or heating repairs.
Our Maintenance and Replacement Costs Worksheet can help estimate these types of expenses associated with a home you may buy and you can plan for these expenses.

Mobility Can Be Limited

You won’t be able to easily move to another home until your current house is sold. You’ll also probably have to rely on a strong local real estate market to be able to quickly sell your current home.
Selling your home may also have some costs, such as hiring a real estate professional, local sales or transfer taxes, moving expenses, and possibly paying for temporary housing until your new house is ready.
Property Values Can Depreciate

It is possible that your property could depreciate or lose some of its value for a number of reasons. Perhaps the house deteriorates due to lack of maintenance. Or maybe the property values of most of the homes in a neighborhood depreciate as a result of economic conditions, bringing down the value of your home as well.
When a house depreciates significantly, it can sell for less than what you paid for it. As a result, what you owe on your mortgage might be more than what you could sell the house. If that happens, you would have to pay the remainder of the loan balance and take a loss on the house if you sell it.
Most homes increase in value rather than decrease, but it is important to understand that property values can go down.

Rent or Buy?


Deciding whether to rent or buy is a complex decision. You’ll need to compare costs and understand the financial factors to make the best decision for your situation.
Renting
  • Free of maintenance obligations.
  • Not committed to staying in a house or neighborhood.
  • Can move quickly.
  • Free of costs, such as homeowner’s insurance and property taxes.
Buying
  • Build equity.
  • Tax advantages*.
  • Stable monthly payments.
  • Strong sense of community.
  • Place for family to live.
*Consult a tax advisor about potential tax advantages

Why Own a Home?


Some people rent a home because they think that they can’t afford to buy one. Others like the flexibility that comes with renting an apartment or house. When you rent, you can live in a neighborhood for as little or as long as you want. You’re also free of most maintenance responsibilities. Your landlord handles repairs, for example.
But there are many reasons for owning a home.
You Build Equity!

In the early years of most mortgages, the majority of your monthly mortgage payments go towards paying the interest on your mortgage. Over time, an increasing amount of the monthly payment goes towards reducing the mortgage balance, or “principal.” This is called “amortization.”
As you make payments, you reduce the principal and increase your share, or “equity,” in your home’s value. If your home increases in value through “appreciation”—an increase in the market value of a home—your equity will build even faster.

Building equity in your home is important. For many people, it lets them plan for retirement, pay for college, and attain other future goals.
You Gain Tax Advantages!

When you own a home, you may be allowed to deduct mortgage interest and property taxes from your federal income taxes and from some states’ income taxes. These deductions may mean significant tax savings, especially in the early years of the mortgage when interest makes up most of the monthly payment. Consult a tax advisor for information about your individual circumstances.
After calculating your taxes, you may find that it’s cheaper for you to buy than to rent. Keep in mind, however, that to gain these tax advantages, you must file an annual income tax return with the U.S. government.
You Can Rely on Monthly Principal and Interest Payment Stability!

If you select a fixed-rate mortgage, you will pay the same monthly principal and interest for the term of your loan. (However, your monthly mortgage payment could increase slightly if taxes and insurance costs go up throughout the term of the loan.) Unlike renting, this type of payment will remain the same month after month, even when inflation leads to higher prices.
You Can Have a Place for Your Family to Live and Gain a Sense of Community!

When you own a home, you can be secure in knowing that your family will have a place to live. When you rent, you might not always be able to renew your rental contract and then will have to find a new place to live.
Owning a home also allows you to get involved in the well-being of your community. You may feel a greater sense of belonging and permanence by owning your own home.
Once your mortgage is paid in full, the home is yours. You can also pass your home on toyour children or other family members as an inheritance.

Are You Ready to Buy a Home?

Use these questions to help you decide if you might be ready to buy a home.
  1. Do you have a continuous, reliable source of income?
  2. Have you been employed continuously/steadily for the last two years, even if it has not been in the same job, and is it likely to continue?
  3. Do you have a checking and/or savings account established with a bank, credit union, or other financial institution? Or, if you don’t, do you keep accurate records of paying your bills regularly and on time?
  4. Do you file an income tax return with the IRS each year, even if you are not a U.S. citizen?
  5. Do you pay your bills on time?
  6. Is your total monthly debt (all credit cards, car loans, etc.) manageable? Can you afford those debts and a mortgage?
  7. Are all of your routine/regular financial obligations accounted for in your total debt?
  8. Do you have some money saved for a down payment? (Some affordable mortgages require no money down but others require a small down payment.)
  9. Do you have some money saved for closing costs?
  10. On a monthly basis, can you afford the mortgage as well as other expenses, including electricity, water, repair, and maintenance costs, and any financial obligations you send to relatives who live in another country?
  11. Do you have time to take care of a house—including responsibilities like mowing the lawn and making repairs?
  12. Do you have time to devote to buying a home right now? Or are other commitments a priority, like taking classes in addition to work?
  13. Do you have money to cover moving expenses?
  14. If you’ve experienced financial difficulties in the past, can you prove that it was due to events beyond your control?

If you answered “no” to any of these questions, concentrate on strengthening those areas. You can do so by following the steps described in the previous sections of this course and also taking a homeownership/homebuyer education class in your area. These classes are a good source of information and will help you prepare for homeownership.


If you can answer “yes” to most of these questions, you are probably ready to think seriously about owning your own home.


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Did You Know?


Most people buy a home by obtaining a mortgage. You do not have to accumulate enough cash to pay for the full price of the house up-front. Many financial institutions will agree to give you a mortgage, depending upon your ability and willingness to repay the debt. A mortgage is the amount of money you borrow from the bank or other financial institution, with interest, to purchase your house. The amount of your initial mortgage is usually the purchase price of the home minus your down payment.

Homeownership can be a worthwhile investment even if you plan to live in the U.S. temporarily. Oftentimes, you can build up enough equity—or savings—in your home in a few years that it is worth the investment you make today. Equity is value in your home above the total amount of the outstanding mortgages against your home. If you owe $100,000 on the mortgage on your house but it is worth $130,000, you have $30,000 worth of equity. Of course, if the value of your house goes down, you may not build as much equity.
It’s easy to establish credit so you can get a mortgage. One way is to establish a relationship with a bank, credit union, or some other financial institution to demonstrate your willingness and capacity to repay a debt. You can also obtain a mortgage even if you have non-traditional credit, such as documentation of your history of paying rent, utilities, and telephone bills.

Is Homeownership Right for You?

More than 2/3 of people in the U.S. own their home today. And the number keeps growing. But some people believe that they could never own a home.


Could this be you?


Maybe you’re not sure you know enough about the process of buying a home, or you’re intimidated by it. Or, you worry that you can’t afford to buy a house because you haven’t saved enough money.


Maybe your credit has blemishes. Or, you have never established a relationship with a financial institution or credit card company, and subsequently, have no credit history at all.


Perhaps you’re not a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and you don’t plan to live in the U.S. for very long. Or, you have difficulty speaking and understanding English and would be less intimidated by the process of homeownership if you could work with people who speak your language.


Think again. These concerns do not have to be obstacles to homeownership. With the right information—like the information you are learning through the CreditSmart® curriculum—the dream of homeownership could be within your reach!


http://www.hereiaminc.com/

Steps to Financial Success


OK, now that each of us has decided to take charge of our own destiny, and given the fact that we are all headed down the same road, what’s the best way to get into the express lane? In other words, how do we get there from here?
By now, none of these concepts should be new to you. Nevertheless, they are appearing again as a reminder of their importance in helping you establish and maintain good credit, and thereby achieve your goals and aspirations.
As you have seen throughout this blog, it’s all about credit. Many people believe that income is the solution to everything. Well, in the real world, it’s really income in combination with credit and credit ratings. Even people with large incomes can have impaired credit ratings and therefore will pay excessive amounts for credit.
Remember before you were 18 years old and you thought that 18 would never come? How about the uncles or aunts in their thirties who seemed like old people when you were growing up? Well, time passes, and eventually retirement will come. We need to make certain that we can “afford” to retire.
Do you want to work until you are 76 years old? Maybe, but probably not. Either way, the tips above suggest that each of us prepare for the future by establishing retirement and investment accounts early in life. Retirement accounts were created to ensure having money after retire ment. Many retirement plans allow you to directly transfer contributions from your salary before taxes. Some companies match your contributions to this plan. The rates of return depend on how you choose to invest (i.e. stocks, bonds, CDs, etc.) The main retirement account options are: IRA, 401(k), 403(b), Keogh, and SEP (Simplified Employee Pension). Ask your financial advisor to help you choose the best plan for you.
Investment accounts include stocks, shares in mutual funds, bonds, etc. Interest and dividends from these investments are taxable and can fluctuate significantly. Furthermore, since they are not insured by the FDIC, there is the risk of losing both the principal invested and the accumulated profit. If you are new to investing, seek a financial advisor to assist you. It is important to make consistent contributions and to diversify your investments. Over the years, it can make a huge difference.
In addition, if you are a homeowner, keep your eye on mortgage rates. If interest rates go down, consider refinancing your mortgage. Remember, however, to take a close look at all of the costs associated with refinancing and make sure refinancing will benefit your financial situation. Review refinancing fees, prepayment penalties if they apply, and closing costs and measure these costs against the benefits of a lower monthly payment. When you are considering buying a home, shop around for mortgage rates.
A will is an extremely important and valuable tool that everyone should have.
Can you ever be too prepared for the unexpected?
No. Therefore, it is wise to make sure that you are prepared for as many unknowns as possible. However, just like anything else, moderation may be best. To avoid becoming overly insured—that is, purchasing more than is needed—you should always thoroughly check out various types of policies, coverage, terms, and cost.

Examine Your Values


Throughout this entire blog, we have been talking about needs versus wants, spending plans, savings tips, credit reports, credit scoring, credit cards, credit pitfalls, and the like. But when it really comes down to it, everything that each of us does in life is based upon our values.
It is safe to say that all of us would find value in the list of items below. But how we obtain them is another story. Each of us will hit potholes in the road which may hurt us and cost us money. Yet, we must continue down the road because it is a one-way street. There is no going back.

Money in the bank?

Fine clothes and expensive jewelery?

Owing your home?

A prestigious job?

Financial independence?
Just remember to take one step at a time and take it day by day.
It takes time for a tree seedling to tower into the sky. And yet, the mighty oak can crash to the ground in seconds. Similarly, it takes most of us years to build up a sense of financial security, and without proper planning and knowledge, it can disappear overnight.
But don’t despair, you know people who have done it, and more importantly, YOU can do it too!

In all cases, you need to let yourself be your guide. No one can tell you what you can and cannot do. If something doesn’t feel right, if someone is pressuring you, or if an offer is available today and not tomorrow, don’t do it. It’s not worth it. It’s your money, it’s your life, and you are the one in charge.

Steps to Restoring Your Credit


Remember communication and early intervention are key elements to success.

Former creditors with whom you have had a good payment record may be willing to extend you credit to re-establish credit.
Always carefully review credit card offers, and DO NOT acquire too many. Normally, one or two cards should suffice.
Secured loans are loans whereby a tangible item, such as a car or a motorcycle, can be “attached” (taken if you don’t repay the loan).
Remember, in the event of default on a secured loan, the item that is attached may be repossessed in the event of non-payment.
A secured credit card is a card whereby you have funds available; say $500, to secure a credit card with a $500 credit limit. Because not all secured credit card issuers report to credit reporting agencies, always be sure to ask if they do before taking out a secured credit card to start restoring your credit.
Co-signers are persons who are willing to sign with you on a credit or loan application. Remember, in the event of non-payment on either party’s part, both persons are equally responsible. In the event of non-payment, both party’s credit rating is damaged.
Do not use “credit repair” companies. They will promise the world, take your money and may even further damage your credit.
Together, all of these tips may help you to slowly, but surely, rebuild a good credit history. Be patient because it will take time and additional effort.
Now that you are familiar with several tips for restoring your credit, let’s talk about the necessary action steps.
To begin, follow the points listed on this and the following slide.
As indicated by the first item listed, it is critical that you know exactly how much you owe and to whom. Then, given this information, prepare a realistic spending plan.
Once you have a handle on your debts and a spending plan in hand, begin contacting creditors to work out an agreement or payment arrangement.
Throughout the process, explore possible sources of additional money.
Don’t give up. Its hard work, but it will be worth it in the long run.

Coping With a Financial Crisis


To summarize all of the tips in another way, one could say, 1) take care of yourself, 2) seek help as needed, 3) communicate and cooperate with others, and 4) be honest and persevere.

Let’s take a closer look at each one of the tips:
  • Pay yourself first. Put yourself on “the payroll.” Always set aside money for savings.
  • Don’t wait until it is too late to seek help. When faced with difficulties, it is easier to put something off than to deal with it. However, seeking help early on, when the problem is still small, will always provide for easier, more manageable solutions.
  • Call the lender/creditor. Don’t be afraid to let your creditor know about your situation. They cannot read your mind, and will always respond better to a consumer who reaches out to them than to a consumer who avoids them.
  • Be prepared to work with the lender/creditor. Working closely with creditors can often times result in revised payment arrangements or possible restructuring of the debt.
  • Don’t make promises that you cannot keep. Be realistic!
  • Be honest and don’t give up. Being truthful and persistent with your creditors will help to ensure a good relationship and a positive resolution.
  • Talk to a local non-profit credit counseling agency to help you rebuild your credit. A credit counselor can help you create a spending plan and provide you information on debt repayment programs and financial management education. Look in your own community for valuable resources.